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Irish employment law continued to evolve through 2025, with legislative movement across pay transparency, pensions, equality, and AI governance, alongside active adjudication before the Workplace Relations Commission (WRC) and the Courts that will shape risk and practice into 2026. We set out the key developments employers need to track for the year ahead and beyond. New action plan for collective bargaining On 5 November 2025,…
In response to a question posed by a Member of Parliament (MEP) back in October, and against a backdrop of uneven progress on national implementation, the European Commission has confirmed that it expects all Member States to transpose the Directive by the deadline of June 2026. The MEP’s question and the Commission’s response On 18 December 2025, the Commission provided its written answer to an MEP’s priority question made on 29 October 2025. The…
In December 2025, Poland cemented its position as the front-runner in the race to implement the EU Pay Transparency Directive, with new legislation coming into force and a comprehensive draft bill being published. Together, they seek to comprehensively transpose the provisions of the Directive. We examine the details below. December 2025 was a busy month in Poland on the pay transparency front with the country taking significant steps toward implementing the EU Pay…
The year 2026 is set to be a pivotal one for global employment law, with sweeping labour reforms, new EU-wide pay transparency obligations, and continued progress on AI regulation all driving significant change in the world of work. In this update, we explore the key developments expected to define the next 12 months. Landmark labour reform This year is poised to bring sweeping labour law reforms…
Greece has enacted a new law that brings significant changes to the organisation of work. Key measures include the option for a four-day workweek, extended overtime, and a push towards digital modernisation. We explore the key reforms and the implications for employers. The changes have been introduced under Law 5239/2025, entitled ‘Fair Work for Everyone: Simplification of Legislation – Support for Workers – Protection in Practice – Pension…
On 19 November 2025, the European Commission published its Digital Omnibus proposal, an initiative aimed at streamlining and modernising the EU’s digital rulebook. Below, we take a deep dive into some of the data, e-privacy, cyber and AI changes proposed. In January 2025, the European Commission presented its so-called ‘competitiveness compass’, a “new roadmap to restore Europe’s dynamism and boost [its] economic growth.” As part…
The issue of whether an individual employed in one jurisdiction but working in another creates a taxable presence (a “permanent establishment” or “PE”) in the country in which the individual is working is a fundamental consideration for businesses. Below, we explore the new OECD guidance, together with some key takeaways for employers. The new guidance at a glance The OECD has issued updated commentary clarifying…
Back in February, we reported on a new collective agreement aimed at promoting the employment of ‘experienced employees’ in France. On 24 October 2025, a new law was published amending several provisions of the Labour Code to transpose this, and other national agreements, into French law. We examine the details of this new legislation below. The aim of the new law is to facilitate the…
It’s well established that people with disabilities have the right to equal participation in society, and yet they still face significant challenges, particularly at work. Below, we examine the specific disability protections that exist in Germany, together with practical strategies for employers looking to better integrate people with disabilities into their workplace. We have then also set out the position in 21 other countries via…
Italy’s Law no. 132 of 23 September 2025 has been published and is now in effect. It governs “Provisions and delegated powers to the Government on artificial intelligence”. We examine this significant new legislation below. Italy’s new Law, effective since 10 October 2025, aims to clarify the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in various sectors (including healthcare, law, public administration and employment) and promote responsible technological development based on a human-centric approach. It marks an important moment in Italy and the…